Fiber optic cables use thin glass fibers to transmit light pulses, which are mainly used to transmit data. There are two main types of optical fibers: Singlemode (OS2/G657) and Multimode (OM4, OM3, OM2), the use of which depends on the specific requirements of each application. The main difference between these types is the way the light is reflected in the core of the fiber.
Singlemode (SM) fibers transmit light in only one mode or beam path. They are characterized by a small core diameter of around 9 micrometers and are ideal for long-distance transmissions as they offer high bandwidths and low attenuation. The narrow core allows the light to be guided almost in a straight line, which improves transmission efficiency and bandwidth. However, this type of fiber requires coherent light sources such as lasers to transmit the light in a targeted and efficient manner, which makes the technology more cost-intensive.
In contrast, multimode (MM) fibers have a larger core diameter of around 50 micrometers, which enables the transmission of multiple light modes. This leads to higher light refraction and therefore a lower bandwidth compared to single-mode fibers. Multimode fibers are particularly suitable for shorter distances and can be operated with more cost-effective light sources such as LEDs.
It is not possible to give a general answer as to which type of fiber is “better”. The choice must be made according to individual requirements and circumstances. Singlemode and multimode fibers should not be mixed under any circumstances, as this leads to major losses in transmission quality.
As already mentioned, singlemode fibers require more precise light sources. The optical transceivers that convert the electrical signal into light signals (or vice versa) are therefore more expensive than transceivers for multimode optical fibers.
| Singlemode optical fibers | Multimode optical fibers |
|---|---|
| ✅Very good attenuation | ✅Cheaper Transceivers |
| ✅High range | ✅High bandwith with shorter distances |
| ✅High bandwith even over long distances | ❌Poorer return loss |
| ❌More expensive transceivers |
Choosing the right type of fiber is critical to optimizing system performance and ensuring the safety and efficiency of military operations. By integrating connectivity solutions specifically designed for military needs, communication can be maintained even under extreme conditions, which is essential for mission success.